| Clone: | G-23 |
|---|---|
| Isotype: | Mouse IgG1 |
| Specificity: | The antibody G-23 reacts with IFN-gamma, a 16-25 kDa cytokine produced by activated Th1 cells and NK cells. |
| Immunogen: | Recombinant human IFN-gamma (aa 22-166 representing mature IFN-gamma) |
| Species Reactivity: | Human |
| Application: |
Flow Cytometry
Recommended dilution: 2-4 μg/ml
Positive control: PMA/ionomycin stimulated Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes (PBL) Application note: Intracellular staining
Western Blotting
Recommended dilution: 1 μg/ml
Positive control: recombinant human IFN-gamma |
| Purity: | > 95% (by SDS-PAGE) |
| Purification: | Purified from hybridoma culture supernatant by protein-A affinity chromatography. |
| Concentration: | 1 mg/ml |
| Storage Buffer: | Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with 15 mM sodium azide, approx. pH 7.4 |
| Storage / Stability: | Store at 2-8°C. Do not use after expiration date stamped on vial label. For long-term storage aliquot and store at -20°C. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. |
| Expiration: | See vial label |
| Lot Number: | See vial label |
| Background: | The Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma; 16-25 kDa) is an important regulator of the immune response, produced in activated Th1 cells and NK cells, particularly in response to IL-2, TNF-alpha and IL-12; its production is suppressed by IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-beta. The producing of IFN-gamma is activated by specific antigens or mitogens through the T cell antigen receptor. IFN-gamma polypeptide forms: 40-60 kDa forms are observable under non-denaturing conditions as dimers and trimers; 20 kDa and 25 kDa forms exist due to variable glycosylation. IFN-gamma belongs to the type II interferons, also called immune IFN.
IFN-gamma shows antiviral activity and has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages and had antiproliferative effects on transformed cells. IFN-gamma plays an important role in regulating B cell differentiation by simultaneously stimulating class switch recombination to the IgG3 and IgG2a isotypes while represing class switch recombination to the IgE and IgG1 isotypes. It also appears to promote antigen presentation by B cells through its effects on MHC. Binding of IFN-gamma to its receptor increases the expression of class I MHC on all somatic cells. It also enhances the expression of class II MHC on antigen-presenting cells. IFN-gamma is the major means by which T cells activate macrophages, increasing their ability to kill bacteria, parasites, and tumours. The activation of macrophages by IFN-gamma is essential for the elimination of bacteria that replicate within the phagosomes of macrophages (f.e. Mycobacteria and Listeria monocytogenes). IFN-gamma can potentiate the high antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta). IFN-gamma may also activate neutrophils and NK cells. |
| References: |
*Young HA, Hardy KJ: Role of interferon-gamma in immune cell regulation. J Leukoc Biol. 1995 Oct;58(4):373-81. Review.
*Okamura H, Kashiwamura S, Tsutsui H, Yoshimoto T, Nakanishi K: Regulation of interferon-gamma production by IL-12 and IL-18. Curr Opin Immunol. 1998 Jun;10(3):259-64.
*Costa-Pereira AP, Williams TM, Strobl B, Watling D, Briscoe J, Kerr IM: The antiviral response to gamma interferon. J Virol. 2002 Sep;76(18):9060-8.
*Ellis TN, Beaman BL: Interferon-gamma activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil function. Immunology. 2004 May;112(1):2-12.
*Schroder K, Hertzog PJ, Ravasi T, Hume DA: Interferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions. J Leukoc Biol. 2004 Feb;75(2):163-89.
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